■ファンクションメソッドによるブログ 発行人　　　　　　　　　
ファンクションメソッド英語研究会
中嶋太一郎
日本実業出版社刊「イメトレ英語学習法」、はまの出版「７つの動詞で身につける英語感覚」等の著者中嶋太一郎が発行する無料メールマガジン
　　　　　　ファンクションメソッドは、次世代の英語・英会話学習法です。

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プロ英語教師への道・養成講座
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プロ英語教師への道・養成講座

応用編

●「英会話の九九」を生み出すきっかけになったのは

　私には忘れられない光景があります。そしてそれが私に「英会話の九九」というものを生み出すきっかけとなりました。それはずっと以前の映画のワンシーンです。この映画は南アフリカの人種隔離政策(アパルトヘイト)を扱ったものですが、ある教会で白人学生が黒人の子供たちを集めて英語を教えているシーンがありました。一人の青年が多くの子供たちを前にして、Iと言い、彼らにI amと答えさせていました。次にYouと言い、You areと、さらにWeと言い、We areなどと続けていたのです。このシーンを見て、私は、「これは英会話の九九だ!」と思わず叫んだことを今でも覚えています。

I → I am, We → We are, You → You are, She → She is

「私」「私たち」「あなた」と、身の回りのすべての「存在」を認めることによって。あなたの英語発想に身を置いた学習が始まります。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.1】
　●現在の「存在」を表すテーブル(be動詞・現在形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I am 　I'm 　*Am I 　*Am I not 対話者間

(2)
 　We are 　We aren't 　*Are we 　*Aren't we

(3)
 　You are 　You aren't 　Are you 　Aren't you

(4)
 　You are 　You aren't 　Are you 　Aren't you

(5)
 　He is 　He isn't 　Is he 　Isn't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She is 　She isn't 　Is she 　Isn't she

(7)
 　They are 　They aren't 　Are they 　Aren't they

(8)
 　It is 　It isn't 　Is it 　Isn't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They are 　They aren't 　Are they 　Aren't they
● 一般動詞の場合、進行形や受身形の文を作る場合は、ing形動詞フレーズ、ed形動詞フレーズが続きます。
　ただし、be動詞の文でも進行形になる場合もあります。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.2】
　●過去の「存在」を表すテーブル(be動詞・過去形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I was 　I wasn't 　*Was I 　*Wasn't I 対話者間

(2)
 　We were 　We weren't 　*Were we 　*Weren't we

(3)
 　You were 　You weren't 　Were you 　Weren't you

(4)
 　You were 　You weren't 　Were you 　Weren't you

(5)
 　He was 　He wasn't 　Was he 　Wasn't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She was 　She wasn't 　Was she 　Wasn't she

(7)
 　They were 　They weren't 　Were they 　Weren't they

(8)
 　It was 　It wasn't 　Was it 　Wasn't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They were 　They weren't 　Were they 　Weren't they
● 一般動詞の場合、進行形や受身形の文を作る場合は、ing形動詞フレーズ、ed形動詞フレーズが続きます。
　ただし、be動詞の文でも進行形になる場合もあります。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.3】
　●現在の「行為・欲求・付帯状況」などを表すテーブル(一般動詞・現在形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I do 　I don't 　*Do I 　*Don't I 対話者間

(2)
 　We do 　We don't 　*Do we 　*Don't we

(3)
 　You do 　You don't 　Do you 　Don't you

(4)
 　You do 　You don't 　Do you 　Don't you

(5)
 　He does 　He doesn't 　Does he 　Doesn't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She does 　She doesn't 　Does she 　Doesn't she

(7)
 　They do 　They don't 　Do they 　Don't they

(8)
 　It does 　It doesn't 　Does it 　Doesn't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They do 　They don't 　Do they 　Don't they
● [GROUP A]によって肯定形の文を作る場合は、doやdoesを無視して、現在形動詞フレーズを使います。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.4】
　●過去の「行為・欲求・付帯状況」などを表すテーブル(一般動詞・過去形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I did 　I didn't 　*Did I 　*Didn't I 対話者間

(2)
 　We did 　We didn't 　*Did we 　*Didn't we

(3)
 　You did 　You did n't 　Did you 　Didn't you

(4)
 　You did 　You didn't 　Did you 　Didn't you

(5)
 　He did 　He didn't 　Did he 　Didn't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She did 　She didn't 　Did she 　Didn't she

(7)
 　They did 　They didn't 　Did they 　Didn't they

(8)
 　It did 　It didn't 　Did it 　Didn't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They did 　They didn't 　Did they 　Didn't they
● [GROUP A]によって肯定形の文を作る場合は、didを無視して、過去形動詞フレーズを使います。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.5】
　●未来の「存在・行為・欲求・付帯状況」を表すテーブル(be動詞&一般動詞・未来形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I will 　I won't 　*Will I 　*Won't I 対話者間

(2)
 　We will 　We won't 　*Will we 　*Won't we

(3)
 　You will 　You won't 　Will you 　Won't you

(4)
 　You will 　You won't 　Will you 　Won't you

(5)
 　He will 　He won't 　Will he 　Won't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She will 　She won't 　Will she 　Won't she

(7)
 　They will 　They won't 　Will they 　Won't they

(8)
 　It will 　It won't 　Will it 　Won't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They will 　They won't 　Will they 　Won't they
● すべてのGROUPで、原形動詞フレーズを続けます。 be 〜、do 〜など

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.6】
　●「存在・行為・欲求・付帯状況」の完了を表すテーブル(be動詞&一般動詞・現在完了形)

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　I have 　I haven't 　*Have I 　*Haven't I 対話者間

(2)
 　We have 　We haven't 　*Have we 　*Haven't we

(3)
 　You have 　You haven't 　Have you 　Haven't you

(4)
 　You have 　You haven't 　Have you 　Haven't you

(5)
 　He has 　He hasn't 　Has he 　Hasn't he 第三者( 人)

(6)
 　She has 　She hasn't 　Has she 　Hasn't she

(7)
 　They have 　They haven't 　Have they 　Haven't they

(8)
 　It has 　It hasn't 　Has it 　Hasn't it 第三者( 人以外)

(9)
 　They have 　They haven't 　Have they 　Haven't they
● すべてのGROUPで、ed形動詞フレーズを続けます。 been 〜、done 〜など

{NOTE}

[1] be動詞を使った文は、【テーブル1・2・5・6】を使います。

[2] 一般動詞を使った文は、基本的にすべてのテーブルを使います。ただし、所有を表すhaveなど進行形にならない動詞などは【テーブル1・2】は使いません。

[3] 疑問詞との結びつき
What, When, Where, How, How manyなどは、[GROUP C]に続きます。

[GROUP C] → What How
Table No.1 Are you　〜? What are you doing? How are you doing?
Table No.2 Were you　〜? What were you doing? How were you doing?
Table No.3 Do you　〜? What do you do? How do you do?
Table No.4 Did you　〜? What did you do? How did you do?
Table No.5 Will you　〜? What will you do? How will you do?
Table No.6 Have you　〜? What have you done? How will you do?

[GROUP C] → Where When
Table No.1 Are you　〜? Where are you going? When are you going?
Table No.2 Were you　〜? Where were you going? When were you going?
Table No.3 Do you　〜? Where do you go? When do you go?
Table No.4 Did you　〜? Where did you go? When did you go?
Table No.5 Will you　〜? Where will you go? When will you go?
Table No.6 Have you　〜? Where have you gone? 　　/

[4] 展開型のファンクションフレーズのものは、それぞれ以下のようになります。
　　be going to, be able to, be sure to, etc.→　【テーブル1・2】　　
　　want to, have to, plan to, hope to, etc.→ 【テーブル3・4】

[5] 「応答関係」
ここでは、主語youとIとの対応を例にあげています。

[GROUP C] → [GROUP A] [GROUP B]
Table No.1 Are you　〜? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Table No.2 Were you　〜? Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Table No.3 Do you　〜? Yes, I do. No, I do not.
Table No.4 Did you　〜? Yes, I did. No, I did not.
Table No.5 Will you　〜? Yes, I will. No, I will not.
Table No.6 Have you　〜? Yes, I have. No, I have not.

[GROUP D] → [GROUP A] [GROUP B]
Table No.1 Aren't you　〜? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Table No.2 Weren't you　〜? Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Table No.3 Don't you　〜? Yes, I do. No, I do not.
Table No.4 Didn't you　〜? Yes, I did. No, I did not.
Table No.5 Won't you　〜? Yes, I will. No, I will not.
Table No.6 Haven't you　〜? Yes, I have. No, I have not.

[6] 付加疑問文での結びつき
ここでは、主語youとIとの対応を例にあげています。

(1)
 [GROUP A] → [GROUP D]
Table No.1 You are 〜 You are 〜, 　aren't you?
Table No.2 You were 〜 You were 〜, 　weren't you?
Table No.3 You do 〜 You do 〜 , don't you?
Table No.4 You did 〜 You did 〜 , didn't you?
Table No.5 You will 〜 You will 〜 , won't you?
Table No.6 You have 〜 You have 〜, haven't you?

(2)
 [GROUP B] → [GROUP C]
Table No.1 You are not 〜 You are not 〜, 　are you?
Table No.2 You were not 〜 You were not 〜, 　were you?
Table No.3 You do not 〜 You do not 〜 , do you?
Table No.4 You did not 〜 You did not 〜 , did you?
Table No.5 You will not 〜 You will not〜 , will you?
Table No.6 You have not 〜 You have not 〜, have you?

[6] He, She, Theyは、具体的な主語を使っての表現も試みてください。
　　He → Bill, Mr Smith, my son, the man, the boy
　　She → Luy, Mrs Smith, Ms Smith, my daughter, the woman, the girl
　　They → Lucy and Bill, Mr and Mrs Smith, my sons, my daughters, the women, the men
　　

be動詞のフレーズを使っての音読ドリル
be動詞の変化 現在形 過去形 原形 ing形 ed形
am, are, is was, were be being been

補語の種類 [Table No.1][Table No.2]でそのまま、[Table No.5]ではbeをつけ、[Table No.6]でbeenをつけて表現してください。
例　I am pretty.　 I was pretty.　　 I will be pretty.　 I have been pretty.　
　　私、可愛いよ　私、　可愛かったよ　私、　可愛くなるよ　　　　　　私、ずっと可愛いよ
タイプ(a)
形容詞		 pretty
可愛い		 hondsome
かっこがいい		 popular
人気かある		 busy
忙しい
kind
親切だ		 honest
正直だ		 generous
寛大だ		 friendly
フレンドリーだ
タイプ(b)
形容詞+名詞		 a pretty person
(pretty people)
可愛い人だ		 a handsome person
(handsome people)
かっこがいい人だ		 a poppular person
(populaar people)
人気がある人だ		 a busy person
(busy people)
忙しい人だ
a kind person
(kind people)
親切な人だ		 an honest person
(honest people)
正直な人だ		 a generous person
(generpus people)
気前がいい人だ		 a friendly person
(friendly people)
人なつっこい人だ
a good singer
(good singers)
歌が上手だ		 a good teacher
(good teachers)
教えるのが上手だ		 a bad cook
(bad cooks)
料理が下手だ		 a music lover
(music lovers)
音楽が好きだ
a bad driver
(bad drivers)
運転が下手だ		 a good talker
(good talkers)
大変なおしゃべりだ		 a bad peaker of English
(bad speakers of English)
英語を話すが下手だ		 a cat hater
(cat haters)
ネコ嫌いだ
タイプ(c)
方位副詞		 here
ここに		 there
そこに		 around here
このあたりに		 over there
あそこに
home
家に、在宅して		 back
戻る		 in
中に、在宅して		 out
外に、外出している
away
不在だ		 down
下にいる、滅入っている		 up
上にいる、起きている		 forward
前方にいる、出しゃばりだ
タイプ(d)
前置詞+名詞		 at the door
ドアのところに		 by the table
ドアのそばに		 near the table
テーブルの近くに		 in front of the car
車の前に
in Japan
日本に		 in the garden
庭に		 out of Japan
日本にいない		 around the table
テーブルの周りに
at work
仕事中だ		 at table
食事中だ		 at the meeting
会議中だ		 at play
遊んでいる
in hospital
入院している		 in a hurry
急いでいる		 in trouble
困っている		 in bed
寝ている
on a diet
ダイエット中だ		 on the phone
電話中だ		 on duty
勤務中だ		 on a tour
ツアー中だ
タイプ(e)
ing形動詞フレーズ(進行形)		 doing the shopping
買い物をしている		 doing the cooking
料理をしている		 doing the cleaning
掃除をしている		 doing the dishes
皿洗いをしている
having a rest
休憩している		 having a meal
食事をしている		 having a walk
散歩をしている		 having a meeting
会議をしている
タイプ(f)
ed形動詞フレーズ(受身形)		 attacked
襲われる		 decieved
だまされる		 caught in the rain
雨にあう		 blamed
責められる
taken the hospital
病院に連れて行かれる		 asked the way
道を尋ねられる		 called "Taro"
太郎と呼ばれる		 injured
怪我をする
以上の(a)から(f)までの補語は、原則として各テーブルのフレーズにそのまま続けて表現できますが、タイプ(b)だけが、複数主語の場合([table No.1]([table No.2]([table No.5]([table No.6]の(2)(4)(7)は名詞は複数形を使います。
例 a pretty person→pretty people, a handsome person→handsome people
personsではなくpeopleとなることに注意してください。

一般動詞のフレーズを使っての音読ドリル
[Table No.3]
ただし、三単現のsは[GroupA](5)(6)の肯定形のみ		 [Table No.4]
ただし、[Group A]のみで用いる		 [Table No.5]
そのまま続ける		 [Table No.1]
[Table No.2]
そのまま続ける		 [Table No.6]
そのまま続ける
　一般動詞現在形 一般動詞過去形 未来形 現在・過去進行形 現在完了形
現在形動詞フレーズ
(ふだん)〜する		 過去形動詞フレーズ
〜をした		 原形動詞フレーズ
〜をすること		 ing形動詞フレーズ
〜しながら		 ed形動詞フレーズ
〜したこと
●一般動詞doの動詞フレーズ
do(es) the shopping
買い物をする		 did the shopping do the shopping doing the shopping done the shopping
do(es) the cooking
料理をする		 did the cooking do the cooking doing the cooking done the cooking
do(es) the cleaning
掃除をする		 did the cleaning do the cleaning doing the cleaning done the cleaning
do(es) the dishes
皿洗いをする		 did the dishes do the dishes doing the dishes done the dishes
do(es) excercises
体操をする		 did excercises do excercises doing excercises done excercises
do(es) the flowers
生け花をする		 did the flowers do the flowers doing the flowers done the flowers
do(es) the housework
家事をする		 did the housework do the housework doing the housework done the housework
●一般動詞haveの動詞フレーズ
have[has] a rest
休憩する		 had a rest have a rest having a rest had a rest
have[has] a meal
食事をする		 had a meal have a meal having a meal had a meal
have[has] a walk
散歩する		 had a walk have a walk having a walk had a walk
have[has] a meeting
会議をする		 had a meeting have a meeting having a meeting had a meeting
have[has] a good time
楽しく過ごす		 had a good time have a good time having a good time had a good time
have[has] a chat
おしゃべりをする		 had a chat had a chat had a chat had a chat
●一般動詞makeの動詞フレーズ
make(s) curry and rice
カレーライスを作る		 made curry and rice make curry and rice making curry and rice made curry and rice
make(s) sushi
寿司を作る		 made sushi make sushi making sushi made sushi
make(s) the bed
ベッドメーキングをする		 made the bed make the bed making the bed made the bed
make(s) a phone call
電話をする		 made a phone call make a phone call making a phone call made a phone call
make(s) a reservation
予約する		 made a reservation make a reservation making a reservation made a reservation

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.7】
　●This is 〜, That is 〜などを表すテーブル

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 This is This isn't Is this Isn't this 近くの人やものを指し示して

(2)
 This one is This one isn't Is this one Isn't this one

(3)
 These are These aren't Are these Aren't these

(4)
 These ones are These ones aren't Are these ones Aren't these ones

(5)
 That is That isn't Is that Isn't that 第三者( 人)

(6)
 That one is That one isn't Is that one Isn't that one

(7)
 Those are Those aren't Are those Aren't those

(8)
 Those ones are Those ones aren't Are those ones Aren't those ones
● thisは「近くの人、もの」を指し示し、thatは「慣れている人、もの」などを指し示す。

【英会話の九九・テーブルNo.8】
　●Here is 〜, There is 〜などを表すテーブル

[GROUP A]
(肯定形)

[GROUP B]
(否定形)

[GROUP C]
(疑問形)

[GROUPD ]
(否定疑問形)

(1)
 　Here is 対話者間

(2)
 　Here are

(3)
 　There is 　There isn't 　Is there 　Isn't there

(4)
 　There are 　There aren't 　Are there 　Aren't there

(5)
 　There was 　There wasn't 　Was there