| Article 9 From World
Civil Society |
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Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, 1946
* Ten Fundamental Principles for a Just
World Order, in The Hague Appeal forPeace Civil Society
Conference, The Hague, May 15, 1999
** The Resolution on Article 9 of the Constitution
of Japan adopted by the XVIth Congress of the International
Association of Democratic Lawyers, Paris, June 11,2005
*** Agenda of the Global Partnership for
Preventing Armed Conflicts, adopted by the United Nations,
General Assembly, New York, July 19-21, 2005
-- Article 9 --
■Aspiring sincerely
to an international peace based on justice
and order, the Japanese people forever renounce
war as a sovereign right of the nation and
the threat or use of force as means of settling
international disputes.
■In order to accomplish
the aim of the preceding paragraph, land,
sea and air forces, as well as other war potential,
will never be maintained. The right of belligerency
of the state will not be recognized.(Chapter
Ⅱof the Constitution of Japan, 1946) |
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* The Hague Appeal for Peace Civil
Society Conference (May 11-15,1999)
"Every Parliament should adopt a resolution prohibiting
their government from going to war, like the Japanese
article number nine."
（The 1st principle of Ten Fundamental Principles for a
Just World Order）
http://www.peacelink.nu/Haag/Haag_konferansen.html
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** The Resolution on Article 9 of
the Constitution of Japan
（IADL 16th Congress in Paris：June 11,2005）
WE, the Lawyers, participating in the XVIth Congress and
General Assembly of the IADL in Paris, on June 7 to 11,
2005, and having in mind our long history of struggles
for peace recognizing that Article 9 of the Constitution
of Japan of 1946 stipulates total renouncement of war
whatsoever; that in this regard Article 9 has been a target
of severe political struggles between peace-loving people
and conservative forces in Japan for about 60 years; and
that the Japanese conservative forces ignite, having taken
a way to militarization as early as in 1990's, actions
to put their cases into reality. Confirming that a change
of Article 9 is not only a narrow item of internal affaires,
but a grave concern of international community alike,
as it was born out of sincere regrets towards the calamity
of World War Two as well as the colonial rules over Asian
region, both of which were no mischief, but tragedies
played by Japan to the point that it is too natural for
the Japanese nation and people alike to make a pledge
of peace to the nations and peoples in the world.
DISAGREE flatly any change of Article 9 which might make
easier for Japan to rely on use of force anywhere on the
planet shouldering with the US military strengths, for
Japan's blatant participation in any use of force whatever
conducted by the USA may be nothing but a grave challenge
against the world peace, while the humanity aspires on
the contrary to realize a 21st Century without war, and
that our aspiration may rest on a legal principle embodied
in Article 9 as it is no exaggeration to say that the
very article is a small pack of gift given to the humanity,
nor to say that no wise men or women may cast their own
treasure into depth of calamity.
SUPPORT lawyers and citizens in Japan in their struggles
to stop any change of Article 9 to the detriment of peace
and security in the world, as well as CALL upon peace-loving
lawyers and citizens on the planet to build up a larger
circle of solidarity in order to eradicate any calamity
of war from earth forever.
http://homepage3.nifty.com/jalisa
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*** GPPAC Agenda adopted at United
Nation (New York, July19-21,2005)
"People Building Peace: A Global Action Agenda for
the Prevention of Violent Conflict"
GPPAC: Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed
Conflict
http://www.peaceboat.org/info/gppac/index.html
4.2.6. Demilitarization, disarmament and arms control
Member states should fulfill their commitment under Article
26 of the UN Charter to the least diversion of the world's
resources to weapons and military capacities. Resources
should be devoted to development and programs to promote
sustainable peace. Taking concrete steps toward disarmament
and demilitarization has added value as a confidence-building
measure and reduces the likelihood of armed conflict,
especially between states.
Action points:
a) Governments should negotiate and agree a comprehensive
arms trade treaty for conventional weapons, fully implement
the program of action on small arms and light weapons,
and make significant progress toward eliminating nuclear,
biological and chemical weapons.
b) CSOs can work with governments and IGOs on practical
disarmament, including through community-based programs
aimed at reducing the number of weapons among the civilian
population, especially in violence-prone societies, and
promote disarmament education. CSOs can help identify
and address the links between the illicit weapons trade
and the illegal exploitation of natural and other resources
and drugs trafficking.
c) CSOs should monitor defense budget allocations / military
expenditure and purchase of weapons, with the objective
of fostering a shift to priorities that promote human
security. CSOs can monitor corporations engaged in arms
production and weapons developments and discourage their
role in political decision-making.
d) CSOs can also scrutinize defense policy and engage
in policy dialogue with governments to encourage adherence
to international law. They can encourage governments,
national parliaments and regional organizations to increase
state participation in international treaties and disarmament
regimes.
e) Governments should, in law and practice, enable the
exercise of conscientious objection to military service
by citizens of their countries, consistent with UN recommendations.
In some regions of the world, normative-legal commitments
play an important role in promoting regional stability
and increasing confidence. For example, Article 9 of the
Japanese Constitution renounces war as a means of settling
disputes and of maintaining forces for those purposes.
It has been a foundation for collective security throughout
the Asia Pacific region.
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