This is a mirror of a lost page with some linguistic corrections and additional links for reference of these pages.

" In Defense of Japan's Case 1 & Case 2"(Vol. 1 & 2)

by Radhabinod Pal (India)
Edited and Annotated by Akira Nakamura Prof.of Dokkyou Univ.(Japan)

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Kenkyusha Modern English Readers 17 , Radhabinod Pal , In Defense of Japan's Case 1 & Case 2
Publisher :Kenkyusha Syuppan Co.
Address : Mail No 162 Kagurazaka 1-2 , Shinjuku ,Tokyo ,Japan ......Tel 03(269)4521

This Page : Typewrited by Yoshihiro Iwasada

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[ Summary ]
The author ,Radhabinod Pal was a judge as the representative of India in Tokyo Trial .His judgement document is appraised
as a book of complete fairness and best judgement in 20th century .It became famous later to the scholar of law in the world .
But the document was not read in Tokyo Trial court from its complete fairness ,and prohibited to publish by japan-ocupation forces .
He denied the "Crime for Peace " and "Crime for Humanity " as a law which the winner side built after war as they like .
He considered fundamentally from the already established law . He judged ,there was no group-conspiracy in japan and
also judged A-class 25 japanese war criminals as innocent .

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[Contents]
CASE 1
Chapter 1.... Preliminary Question of Law

** The charges against the accused in fifty-five counts..... (Hal-pre1)
** No distinction between just and unjust war.......................(Hal-pre2)
** The Pact of Paris was out of the category of a rule of law ...(Hal-pre3)
** The victors, too, should be brought before tribunals.............(Hal-pre4)
** Vengeance not of any ethical value ..................................(Hal-pre5)
** No judge for the solution of international struggle .........(Hal-pre6)
** Conclusion...........................................................................(Hal-pre7)

Chapter 2.... What is "Agressive War "

** Various definitions of the aggressor...................................(Hal21)
** Difficulties in accepting these definitions..........................(HAl22)
** Self-defense is the only justification of war/The right of selfdefense .........(Hal23)
** Matter that would require consideration
....** (1) Communism in China .................................................(Hal24)
....** (2) Neutrality Question.....................................................(Hal25)
....** (3) Economic Sanction....................................................(Hal26)
....** (4) Wars in violation of treaties etc................................(Hal27)
....**(5) Treacherous War..........................................................(Hal28)

Chapter 3 ...Over-all Conspiracy (First Stage):Obtaining Control of
.......................Manchuria.(Manchurian Incident )

** After the Nine-Power Treaty.................................................(Hal31)
** The Attitude of the League ...................................................(Hal32)
** The Mukden Incident ...............................................................(Hal33)
** The Manchurian Incident and self-defense............................(Hal34)
** Japan's position since World War I ..........................................(Hal35)

Chapter 4 ...Over-all Conspiracy (Second Stage ): The Expansion of
........................ Control to All the Rest of China .

** The hostility ceased in 1935.....................................................(Hal41)
** Manchukuo...................................................................................(Hal42)
**Manchuria reverted to its pre-1928 status................................(Hal43)
**The Hirota policy...........................................................................(Hal44)
**The Kuomintang-Communist United Front..................................(Hal45)
**The military alliance between the USSR and Outer Mongolia.....(Hal46)
**Japan's vital interests in China....................................................(Hal47)
**Japan's vital interests in China....................................................(Hal48)
**Communism in China.....................................................................(Hal49)

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CASE 2
Chapter 5..... Over-all Conspiracy: Aggression against the Soviet Union
......................... (The History of Russo-Japanese Relations)

**The prosecution case criticized....................................................(Hal51)
**The opening of Japan......................................................................(Hal52)
**Japan's struggle for the revision of the unequal treaties............(Hal53)
**The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895..........................................(Hal54)

Chapter 6 ...Over-all Conspiracy: The further expansion of the conspiracy
......................... into the Pacific.

** The distorted translation of intercepted telegrams( 61)

**The Hull Note(62)

**The U.S economic and military aid to China(63)

**The Hull Note, a jarring blow to the Japanese mind(64)

**America wanted to gain time(65)

**No treachery on the part of Japan(66)

Chapter 7. ..Conclusion
Chapter 8. ..Scope of Tribunal's Jurisdiction
Chapter 9... Recommendation

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