「古畑−コロンボ活動」をやってみよう！ 「古畑−コロンボ活動」をやってみよう！ |
ここでは、語句定義の練習に異文化理解の側面を加えたショート・スピーチ活動を紹介します。 |
※平成９年度第２学年生徒用ハンドアウトより
英語の力をつける一番の方法は、毎日続けて勉強すること。たとえ量は少なくても、継続して勉強していれば知らないうちに力がつくものです。昨年後期に行った
What Am I? は、このような考え方に基づき、既に学習した内容を駆使できる機会を提供しようとしたものです。
そこで、本年度後期も毎回数名（ふつうは２名）の人に活躍してもらい、「聞くこと」「話すこと」の訓練をしていきたいと思います。現在予定している活動は名付けて“古畑−コロンボ活動”。いったいどんな活動でしょうか・・・？
・既習事項を駆使して、伝えたいことを的確な英語で話すことができるようになる。
・自分の意見やものの見方を堂々と発表することができるようになる。
・日本独特のものを紹介する活動をとおして、日本の文化に対しての認識を深める。
(1) 毎回２名の生徒がある事柄（主に日本独特の物）を３〜５つの英文で説明する。
・説明する事柄は毎回前時に与えられる（２名とも同じもの）。
・発表者は別紙の「Furuhata-Columbo Card」に説明文を書き、暗記して発表する。
(2) 残りの生徒は、その説明がどのくらいよく理解できたかを評価する。
・発表者の説明文を一文一文よく聞き、全体としてどのくらいよく説明できたかを３段階で評価する。パー(よい)、グー(ふつう)、なし、の挙手の数により合否を判定する。
(1) 課題を与えられた者は、次時までに別紙の「古畑−コロンボ・カード」（右参照）に説明文を書く。これを忘れないこと。他の生徒の勉強の機会を奪うことになるので、単なる宿題忘れでは済まされない。
(2) 発表をする際には、説明文を暗記して（ただ暗記するのではなく、自分のことばに！）一文一文じっくりと言う。忘れた場合はメモを見るようにのぞいてもいいが、読まない！
(3) 顔の表現やジェスチャーなどは積極的に取り入れる。ただし、絵を用いてはいけない。
(4) 発表後は、仲間の評価を参考にしてカードのまとめの欄を書き、提出する。（目に見えた評価だけでなく、授業後に「ねえ、どうだった？」と意見を聞いてみよう。）
(5) 残りの生徒は、ただ聞いて評価するだけでなく、「自分ならこういうな。」「あっ、今の表現使えそう。」などと、仲間の発表を積極的に自分の勉強に利用すること。
(1) 辞書などは使わずに、できるかぎりわかりやすい表現で書く（Show &
Tellと同じ）。
(2) 同じような文で表そうとせず、色々な表現を使ってバラエティーに富んだものにする。
(3) 新しく習った文法や語句は積極的に取り入れるようにする。
(4) 日本語を直訳しようとせず、使える英語表現で言える方法を考えて書く（言いたいことがうまく英作できないときは、立場や主語を変えるなどして使える表現に置き換える）。
(1) 「にぎり寿司」（食べ物）
・It is food.
・It is a rice ball with a slice of fish on.（にぎりと魚のスライスのジェスチャー）
・The rice is a little sour with vinegar.（酢をかけて酸っぱいという表情をする）
・You can enjoy a lot of kinds of it.
・You put it in a soy sause and eat it.
・It is very expensive, so we sometimes serve it to our important guests.
・In some shops you get it from a turning table.
(2) 「こいのぼり」（文化）
・It is a kind of flag.（旗を振るジェスチャー）
・It looks like a carp.
・Carp is a fish. It lives in many rivers and lakes in Japan.
・You put it in a high place, so it can fly in the sky.（高い所で旗めくジェスチャ−）
・Usually it has a family of father, mother and children.
・You enjoy watching it on May fifth. It's Children's Day.
・You hope that your sons will be healthy and happy with it.
(3) 「おぼん」（生活用品）
・It is a kind of plate.
・Some are round, some are square.（「丸い」と「四角い」をジェスチャー）
・It is usually made of wood, but some are made of metal or plastic.
（教室にある木製の物や金属製、プラスチック製の物を指しながら）
・You use it when you serve tea or food.
・You put cups or dishes on it and carry them.（置いたり運んだりするジェスチャー）
Ｑ：なぜ「Furuhata-Columbo活動」という名前なの？
Ａ：アメリカのテレビドラマ「刑事コロンボ」と日本のテレビドラマ「古畑任三郎」から名前 をとりました。２つのドラマの共通点は、視聴者には最初から犯人が誰かわかっていること。それをいかにこの２人がうまく解決するかがポイントとなっています。この活動では、仲間は最初から答えを知っています。あなたは仲間をうならせる説明をしなければなりません。
コミュニケーション活動を成功させるには、活動そのものを魅力的にすることに加えて、その活動をいかに上手く運営できるかということも重要です。特に、長期間にわたって継続的に行う場合は、生徒の興味・関心をつなぎ止めておける運営上の工夫が必要です。
Furuhata-Columboでは、効果音を有効に使って、雰囲気を盛り上げることに成功しました。開始時と終了時は両ドラマのテーマ曲を流し、判定のところでは「欽ちゃんの仮装大賞」の合格効果音を使っています。いずれもビデオからＭＤに編集して流しています。
次回発表者にコメントを言わせているのも活動の向上に役立っています。その生徒はそれをやらざるをえないというわけです。また、日頃から英語を「話すこと」「聞くこと」に十分慣らせておくことも重要です。それなしに活動の時だけ強要しても、生徒は動きません。そのためにも、クラスルーム・イングリッシュは可能な限り使い、生徒にも英語を使わせるように訓練しておきます。
なお、Furuhata-Columboは授業の中では次のような指導過程に位置しています（平成９年度研究授業公開授業学習指導案より）。
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1 Greetings 2 Roll Call 3 Furuhata-ColumboC（「扇子」） (1) Presentation & Listening (2) Judgement (3) Comments by Students & Teacher (4) Assignment of the Next Episode 4 Review of the Ex-Target Sentence 5 Review Reading 6 Communicative Activity in Pair 7 Oral Introduction of the Target Sentence 8 Pattern Practice 9 Oral Introduction of the Text & Words 10 Reading 11 Consolidation of the Grammatical Points 12 Closing Address |
※平成９年１１〜２月実施分（全２１回）
(1) 食品等
・納豆 ・おにぎり ・おせち料理 ・おでん ・すきやき
(2) 生活用品等
・たたみ ・扇子 ・そろばん ・浴衣 ・こたつ ・盆栽 ・銭湯
(3) 文化・行事等
・だるま ・ひな人形 ・おりがみ ・相撲 ・百人一首 ・節分 ・七夕 ・七五三 ・お盆
・お歳暮（定期テスト出題）
ここでは、生徒が作った作品（各課題１０名）のうち、優秀作品を各１点紹介します。なお、間違い等はいっさい直していません。また、事前のチェックもしていません。
○「だるま」
It's a kind of mascot.
It looks like a ball and its color is usually red.
There is a real model for it.
When it falls, it gets up soon.
It doesn't have eyes.
When you have a wish for something, you must paint its right eye.
And when your wish comes true, you have to paint its left eye.
○「納豆」
It is a kind of food.
It is made of soybean.
It smells strange and it is sticky.
When we eat it, add some soy sauce and mustard, and mix well.
Put it on the steamed rice, then it tastes very good.
○「たたみ」
Tatami in Japanese is a kind of carpet.
It is made of igusa and used in Japanese house.
We can not walk on it with our shoes.
We have to get off our shoes when we get into the house.
○「扇子」
It is a kind of fan.
It is made of bamboo and paper or cloth.
We can fold it away.
Usually it has a nice picture on the paper.
It makes breeze. So you use it when you feel hot.
But recently we use it not so many times as before because we use air
conditioner and electric fan now.
○「そろばん」
It is made of wood.
It is usually this size and this thick.
And it has a lot of small balls.
We use it to count number, money and so on.
Ｗｈｅｎ we count something, we fillip some balls.
○「おにぎり」
It is popular food in Japan and it tastes good!
Now I7m going tell you how to make onigiri.
Suppose you have some rice on your hand.
First you put an umeboshi or a piece of salmon and so on on it.
Then you press it like this.
Finally you roll a piece of sea weed around it.
Some are triangle, some are round.
Maybe some of you saw it at today's lunch time.
It is useful to take somewhere and it is a symbol of Japanese culture.
○「おせち料理」
It is food.
You eat it on New Year's Day.
There are many kinds of food.
Datemaki, sugodou, nimono are kinds of it.
They have some meanings.
Sugodou means you can live long.
You enjoy eating it with your parents and grandparents.
○「ひな人形」
It is a kind of doll.
We use it when we celebrate Hinamatsuri on March 3.
Hinamatsuri started about 300 years ago.
It is a festival for girls.
Hina-Ningyo has Dairisama, Sanninkanjo, Goninbayashi and so on.
Dairisama is the king and the queen.
Sanninkanjo assist Dairisama.
Goninbayashi is the musicians.
We set them on the small stairs.
○「おりがみ」
It's a square paper, not ablong.
It has a lot of colors.
It's about this size, this size, and so on.
We make cranes, boats, flowers, and so on.
Sometimes we cut origami and make chain.
Maybe you make it when you celebrate something.
In the United States origami is a very popular thing.
many people believe if we make one thousand cranes, then our dream will
come true.
○「浴衣」
It is wear.
It looks like kimono.
But its cloth is thinner than kimono.
It is made of cotton.
When take out of bath and in summer festivals, you put it on.
It is many patterns and colors.
It put on an obi.
You put a Japanese fan between an obi.
○「おでん」
It is a kind of Japanese meal and we eat it in winter.
At the end of Edo period it became today's form.
Before that it was grilled tofu with miso, called "misodengaku".
I tell you how to cook it. First we buy konnyaku, tsumire, konbu, eggs
and raddish.
Next put them in the soysause soup, then boil them for more than one
hour.
I think it smells good and tastes delicious.
The shapes are triangle, square, circle, and the color is almost brown.
My grandfather eats it with sake in dinner and he becomes happy.
○「こたつ」
It is kind of Japanese heater.
It warms foot and legs.
It has a futon on the table.
We sit on the flower with zabuton and put the legs and foot inside the
kotatsu.
Over the years it fuels by chacole when there was no electric power.
Chacole means sumi in Japanese.
But now, it warms with electric power.
Then we enjoy watching TV and eating orange.
Sometimes I sleep in the kotatsu.
It looks like escalgo.
○「盆栽」
It's a kind of Japanese gardening.
You gorow up it in pot.
For example, pine, plum and so on.
When you plant it, you have to take care of it often to cut the leaves,
to give it water.
It's very small, but it looks dynamic and beautiful.
It's like miniature forest or tree.
Japanese feel nature in it.
○「銭湯」
It is a Japanese bathhouse.
A lot of people can take a bath in it.
It has some big bathtubs, a very tall chimney, some big mirrors and so
on.
We can see a picture of Mt. Fuji on the wall.
If you want to go to a sento, you must give some money to the bantou.
A long time ago, everyone took a bath in it.
We can listen to many kinds of topics.
It makes us feel so good.
○「すきやき」
It is a typical Japanese hot food.
We usually eat it in winter.
We put tofu, beef, some vegetables and some mushrooms in a large pan.
It is cooked on the table, and we eat them with an egg.
Surrounding the pan we enjoy eating and talking.
While eating, we feel hot.
○「すもう」
Sumo is Japanese national sport.
The player is called a rikishi. Rikishis have mage on the head.
Sumo's rule is 2 rikishis fight each other in a sumo ring.
If one one touch the ring or he is pushed out of the ring, he lose the
game.
And the chanpion is chosen throughout for 15 days.
Many Japanese people like it.
Rikishis are going to join to hold national flags in Nagano Olympic.
○「百人一首」
It's a card game of old Japanese poems.
Hyakuninisshu means 100 people wrote a Japanese poem each.
About 750 years ago, Utsunomiya Renjo says to Fujiwarano Teika, "Please
decorate the door in my house by Japanese poems."
Then Teika chose 100 good Japanese poems.
When we play hyakuninisshu, we usually sit on the tatami.
The reader reads all lines, but we see only the second line on the cards,
and get them.
The winner is a person who can get many cards.
○「節分」
It's before beginning spring on February third.
So the day is between winter and spring.
The day we throw soybeans and say, "Go out, devil. Come in, luck!"
The day we eat soybeans. I eat it fourteen because it's my age.
If you're thirteen years old, you eat it thirteen.
These culture have done for sic hundred years.
○「七夕」
It's a star festival.
We celebrate it on July seventh.
People have celebrated it since Nara era.
You write your wish on a small piece of paper.
We call it "tanzaku".
You put it on bamboo grass, sasa in Japanese.
Tanabata has a Chinese legend
It's as follow: "Orihimeand Hikoboshi loved each other and married.
But since then they became lazy. So orihime's father got angry and said,
"You can cross the milky way to meet only July seventh and the other
days you mustn't."
So we celebrate their meeting once a year.
And now, orihime is Vega, Hikoboshi is Altail.
They are shining at either ends of milky way.
○「七五三」
Shichigosann is one of the Japanese event.
We have shichigosan on November fifteenth and go to shrine.
Then we hope our health and happy.
And we take a picture.
Then we clothes a kimono and have chitoseame.
Chitoseame means long candy.
We used to celebrate every year, girls at the age of three and seven
and boys at the age of three and five. we celebrate shichigosan at the
age of. Why do we celebrate shichigosan at the age of three, five and sevwen
because the number of three, five and seven is very lucky in Japan and
China.
Maybe shichigosan started three hundred years ago.
○「お盆」
What is "obon"?
It's a very important event in Japan.
It is a kind of "home-coming days" for the spirits of the dead
family members.
When is obon?
In most area, it starts August 13th and ends on August 16th.
In the Tokyo area, it is one month earlier.
What do we do in "obon"?
On the first day, we welcome the spirits of the dead family members.
We make a small fire at the gate to guide the spirits.
It is called "mukaebi", welcome fire.
We burn "ogara", parts of dried tree.
And step over the fire three times for good health.
We display a horse and cow made from a cucumber and an eggplant and chopsticks
on the shelf.
The cucumber horse is for the spirit to ride.
The eggplant cow is for the spirit to carry three luggage.
During "obon", we do "bon dance".
On the last day, we make a small fire at the gate again to guide athe
spirits back to the heaven.
It is called "okuribi", farewell fire.
Do you know "Daimonjiyaki"? It is a kind of "okuribi".
We keep the custom of "obon" for more than 1400 years.
And now it is also home-coming days for the all Japanese people.
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