| ・New International BirdFlu Strategy Takes Shape All American Patriots （スエーデン） 06 July 2005 ほとんどのアジアで発生している鳥フル感染人の例は、農場へのウイルスの暴露である。マレーシアのクアラルンプールで開かれたＷＨＯ、ＦＡＯ、ＯＩＥによる国際会議で６日出された結論により、流行制圧のための行動が開始される。農家の家族達に対するH5N1ウイルスに暴露することの危険性の教育が、新戦略の中心考え方となっている。 記者発表された文書によると、多くの家禽と豚を、鳥インフルエンザウイルスが豚へ感染してウイルスがさらに変異してゆくのを防止するために隔離して飼育すること、家禽の殺処分やワクチン接種に対する農家への補償問題も新戦略の中心にくみｋまれている。 ＦＡＯとＯＩＥによる動物衛生を中心とした戦略には、１億ドルの費用が必要である。またＷＨＯによる人への感染・予防対策には１億５千万ドルの予算を要する。 対策の要点は以下の通り。 1. To educate farmers and their families about the dangers of high-risk behaviour and how to change their farming practices. 農家の家族達に対して、危険な行動についての理解と家禽と家畜飼育の安全な飼育方法への転換 2. To ensure the segregation of different species, including chickens, ducks and pigs, and to eliminate intermingling between these animals and humans. 鶏やアヒル、そして豚などの主の異なる動物を隔離して飼育すること。これら動物と人とが混じり合った生活環境を変えること。 3. To provide adequate compensation and/or rewards for farmers to encourage them to report suspected avian influenza outbreaks in their flocks and to apply control measures. 農家に対して適切な補償金と報奨金の提供。それにより積極的な鳥フル流行疑いの報告や態勢強化への協力が図られる。 4. To pursue the vaccination of poultry flocks as part of a multi-element response to the avian influenza threat in high-risk areas. 感染ハイリスク地域での対策の一環として、家禽へのワクチン接種 WHO/FAO/OIEが記者会見で配布した文書は以下の通り。 The text of the WHO/FAO/OIE press release follows: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) International conference draws up strategy to fight avian influenza Kuala Lumpur, 6 July 2005 -- International animal and human health experts today unveiled a multi-point plan designed to reduce the risk of the H5N1 avian influenza virus spreading from poultry to humans, and appealed to the international community to come forward with funds to make it work and help stave off the risk of an influenza pandemic. The strategy was drawn up at a three-day conference in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, attended by experts from around Asia, as well as by senior representatives of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The plan will be the basis for urgent actions by affected states and will be made available to the international community to help donors focus on the areas of highest need. The conference took place against the backdrop of a growing threat from the avian influenza H5N1 virus, which has so far infected 108 people in Asia, killing 54 of them and raising fears of an influenza pandemic. The virus, which delegates were told is taking an ever-tightening grip in a number of Asian countries, has so far led to the slaughter of over 140 million chickens in an attempt to halt its spread. The meeting agreed that the avian influenza situation in Asia was extremely serious but determined that there was still a window of opportunity to ward off a pandemic. Delegates concluded that priority should be given to the situation in small-scale and backyard farms, the scene of the majority of human cases since the avian influenza outbreak became known in early 2004. Recommendations covering this type of small-scale farming included: 1. To educate farmers and their families about the dangers of high-risk behaviour and how to change their farming practices. 2. To ensure the segregation of different species, including chickens, ducks and pigs, and to eliminate intermingling between these animals and humans. 3. To provide adequate compensation and/or rewards for farmers to encourage them to report suspected avian influenza outbreaks in their flocks and to apply control measures. 4. To pursue the vaccination of poultry flocks as part of a multi-element response to the avian influenza threat in high-risk areas. "We agreed that it is vital to urgently change or even end a number of farming practices that are dangerous to humans," said Dr Joseph Domenech, Chief Veterinary Officer with the FAO. "These include the way chickens, ducks and pigs are raised in close proximity to each other, often with no barriers between them and humans. Another area of concern is wet markets, where animals are often slaughtered in unsanitary conditions. These activities constitute a high risk to people who are exposed to contaminated animals or products, such as blood, faeces, feathers and carcasses." These practices increase the danger of an interspecies transmission of avian viruses, with the risk of an exchange of genetic material and the emergence of a new virus that could endanger human health. Dr Shigeru Omi, Regional Director of the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization, welcomed the strategy and said it would give the world a fighting chance to beat the H5N1 virus. "We have no illusions about hard the job will be," he said, "but we are not powerless. This plan gives us a real chance to make a mark on history - as long as we work together with maximum energy and commitment." Dr Dewan Sibartie, Deputy Head of the Scientific and Technical Department of OIE, explained that it had been imperative to come up with a plan that would work. He added: "The acceptance of vaccination by WHO and the international scientific community as an important additional tool in the control of the disease in animals is particularly welcome, provided that the vaccine used complies with OIE standards and that vaccination is carried out under the supervision of OIE and veterinary services." The conference agreed that implementing the recommended measures would be beyond the financial means of most of the affected countries and called on the international community to help with funding. "What this action plan will cost is nothing compared with the financial and economic consequences of an influenza pandemic," said Dr Sibartie. An FAO and OIE strategy for the control of avian influenza in Asia will cost around $100 million to support surveillance, diagnosis and other control measures, including vaccination. "Without international support, poor countries will not be able to battle bird flu," said Dr Domenech. WHO estimates the cost of an effective response on the public health front at about $150 million, mainly for capacity building in affected countries, including emergency support in the areas of laboratory diagnosis, vaccine development, surveillance and public education. Some of the funds would be earmarked for antiviral drugs and personal protective equipment for people most at risk of infection. |