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Oct. 24, 1998
Artificial Intelligence
Guest Speaker : Mr. Kruse (Chukyo University, Major: Psychology)

1. What is Intelligence ?

Two aspects of Intelligence
From psychological point of view, "Intelligence" consists of 2 essences, "Cleverness", and "Consciousness".
"Cleverness" means the ability of calucuration or the capacity of memory. For example, if a person can caluculate mathematical equation very quickly, you must say to him "You are intelligent.". Nowdays, computer has already gotten this kind of Intelligence. Computer can calculate much faster than man.
On the other hand, "Consciousness" means the ability of recognitions. This essence is necessary for Artificial Intelligence.

Snapshot at Mr. Kruse's Lecture "Not Understand"
In Arabic, there are two expressions of "not understand".
One is "mishfaham". "mish-" means "not", and "faham" means "understand".
The other is "mafahamsh". "ma-" and "-sh" means "not", and "faham" means "understand".
Both expressions have the same meaning. However, the usages of those words are completely different. If you use the former word when you dont understand something, it means "I can not recognize anything, like a stone.". Onthe other hand, if you use the latter word in such occasion, it means "I am not sure the meaning of it(something).".
Needless to say, we are sure which expression we should use in such occasion.

From psychological point of view, the former expression have a significant breakthrough for us to understand "Intelligence".
The former expression stands on the condition that "Stone can not recognize anything at all.".
In short, the basis of this expression is "Humanbeing is intelligent, stone is NOT intelligent. Because the former has consciousness, and the latter does NOT have it."

2. Where is Intelligence from ?

Firstly, please answer to the following questions.

  1. Are you intelligent ? (Do you have consciousness ?)
  2. How do you know it ?
Probably, your answer to Question-1 must be "Yes".
Then, you might answer Question-2 like this. "Because I can feel sadness or something like that."
Now, I have a furhter question. "Why you can feel sadness ? Why can you recognize that it is sadness ?".
This is the most inportant point of Consciousness.
The answer of this question is "Because you experienced such sadness in the past."
In short, Consciousness is based on his (or her) experiences.

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